探析電氣工程訓練與電工電子的技術應用

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【摘要】分析我院在電氣工程訓練實踐教學中存在的不足,提出一項教學改進措施,即對原有的實踐教學內容進行提煉和整合,增加有關電子產(chǎn)品制作方面的內容,加強電工電子技術在訓練中的應用,推進實踐教學和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)實踐的緊密結合。

【 abstract 】 analyzed shortcomings in the course of training in electrical engineering practice teaching, a teaching improvement measures are put forward, namely the original refining and integrating practice teaching content, increase the contents of the electronic products production, strengthen the electrical and electronic technology in the application of training, to promote the practice teaching and modern combined closely with the production practice. 　　【關鍵詞】電工電子技術 實踐教學 生產(chǎn)實踐 【 key words 】 electrician electronic technology practice teaching practice 　　 　　1 引言 1 introduction 　　電氣工程訓練是我院面向工科非電專業(yè)及大文科專業(yè)開設的一門公共實踐課程,學習的主要內容就是安全用電常識和基本的電工電子技術知識及實踐操作技能。 Electrical engineering training for engineering course is our big non-electric professional and liberal arts majors to open a course in public practice, the main content of study is the safe common sense and basic knowledge of electrical and electronic technology and the practice operation skills. 　　 　　2 實踐教學的現(xiàn)狀和改進措施 2 practice teaching present situation and the improvement measures 　　(1)實踐課程簡介 (1) practical courses introduction 　　根據(jù)專業(yè)的不同,電氣工程訓練有兩個教學模式。對于工科非電專業(yè),開設電氣工程訓練A,共40學時;圍繞三相籠型異步電動機的控制,訓練工科學生一些簡單的電氣控制方法、控制手段,使之理解電氣控制方面的基本知識和操作技能,了解電氣控制在工程中的應用。對于大文科專業(yè),開設電氣工程訓練B,共40學時;通過室內照明電路的設計、安裝、調試與檢修實踐,讓學生懂得安全用電,學習常用電工工具和儀表的使用,掌握最基本的電工技能。 According to different specialty, the electrical engineering practice, there are two teaching mode. Electrical engineering training for engineering non-electric speciality, offering A, A total of 40 hours; Around three phase squirrel-cage asynchronous motor's control, training of engineering students some simple electric control method, control means, make the understanding of electrical control aspects of the basic knowledge and operation skills, understanding of electric control in the engineering application. Open electrical engineering training for liberal arts majors, B, a total of 40 hours; Through indoor lighting circuit design, installation, debugging and maintenance practice, let the students know the safety electricity, learning common electrician tools and instrument use, to master the basic skills of electrician. 　　(2)實踐教學存在的不足之處 (2) the shortcomings existing in the practice teaching 　　從近三年的教學實踐過程看,存在的不足之處有兩點: From the course of nearly three years of teaching practice, there are two shortcomings existing in the: 　　第一,教學內容不夠充實,學生做起來前緊后松。為期一周的電工訓練,前三天的實踐內容是理論教學和基礎實踐;后兩天的內容是創(chuàng)新設計,占用時間偏長。 First, the teaching content is not enough full, students QianJinHouSong do. A week-long electrician training, the first three days of practice content is the theory teaching and practice; After two days is the content of the innovation design, longer holding time. 　　第二,教學實踐內容和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)實踐結合度不夠,電工電子技術含量偏低。電氣工程訓練A的實踐內容是交流電動機的交流接觸器控制線路;電氣工程訓練B的實踐內容是照明電路的安裝實踐,在電路中用的是電感式鎮(zhèn)流器。在科技發(fā)展日新月異的今天,這些電路已不是最常用的電路了。 Second, teaching content and the modern production practice is not spent, electrical and electronic technology content is low. Electrical engineering training is A practice content of the ac motor ac contactor control circuit; Electrical engineering practice training B content is lighting circuit installation practices, the circuit is used in the inductive ballast. In today's rapid development in science and technology, the circuit is not the most commonly used circuit. 　　(3)實踐教學改進措施 (3) practical teaching improvement measures 　　針對在電氣工程訓練中存在的現(xiàn)狀,對原有的實踐教學內容進行提煉和整合,在電氣工程訓練中增加電子產(chǎn)品制作的內容。對于非電專業(yè)的學生,可以選擇制作一些和已有的實踐項目相關且簡單實用的電氣產(chǎn)品。參加電氣工程訓練A的學生,可以選作PLC控制器;參加電氣工程訓練B的同學,可以選作電子鎮(zhèn)流器。學生在電工實踐過程中,通過對電氣產(chǎn)品的研制、組裝和調試的親身體驗,了解電工電子技術的應用,探知最前沿的科學技術,推進實踐教學和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)實踐的緊密結合。 According to current situation of existing in the training in electrical engineering, to refine the original content of practice teaching and the integration, in electrical engineering training to increase the content of the electronic products production. For non-electric majors, can choose to make some practice and existing projects and related electrical products of simple and practical. Electrical engineering training A student, can be chosen for the PLC controller; Students participating in the electrical engineering training B, can be chosen for electronic ballast. Students in electrical engineering practice, through to the electrical product development, assembly and debugging experience, understand the electrician electronic technology application, get to the forefront of science and technology, to promote the practice teaching and modern combined closely with the production practice. 　　 　　3 實踐教學改進后的實施方案 Three practice teaching improvement after the implementation of the scheme 　　(1)實踐教學內容 (1) the practice of teaching content 　　電氣工程訓練實踐經(jīng)過改進后的教學內容可概括為四個教學環(huán)節(jié)、六大教學模塊。四個教學環(huán)節(jié)包括理論教學、基礎實踐、創(chuàng)新設計和產(chǎn)品制作;六大教學模塊包括元器件認識、工具儀表使用、電路原理和電路設計、線路板制作、組裝和配線、調試和檢修。 After improvement, the electrical engineering training practice teaching contents can be summarized as four teaching link, the six big teaching modules. Four teaching includes theory teaching, practice, innovation, design and product production; Teaching module includes six components knowledge, tools, instruments used, circuit principle and circuit design, circuit board production, assembly and wiring, debugging and maintenance. 　　在教學實踐過程中,六大教學模塊的實施是滲透在四個教學環(huán)節(jié)中完成的?？梢钥闯?和電氣工程訓練B相比,電氣工程訓練A的電工電子技術信息含量大、實踐操作難度高。 In the process of teaching practice, the implementation of the six big teaching modules is completed in four teaching steps. Training compared to B, as you can see, and electrical engineering electrical engineering training A electrician electronic technology information, high practical difficulty. 　　(2)教學實施方案 (2) the teaching implementation plan 　　教學內容的難易程度以及時間安排不是一成不變的,在教學過程中需要把握三點: To the difficulty of the teaching content and time arrangement is not static, in the teaching process to grasp the three points: 　　第一,理論與實踐相結合。理論教師在理論教學環(huán)節(jié)主要講解安全用電常識、元器件認識與檢測、電氣原理圖識圖、實踐操作技能四方面知識。脫離實踐操作的理論知識不用講,和實踐操作聯(lián)系不大的理論知識要少講。通過理論教學,學生可以運用掌握的理論知識指導自己的電氣工程實踐,這才是理論教學的真正目的。 First, the combination of theory and practice. Teachers in theory teaching theory mainly explain the safe sense, components meet with testing, electrical schematic knowledge chart, practical skills in four aspects of knowledge. Not from the practice of theoretical knowledge, and practice operation has little theoretical knowledge should speak less. Through theory teaching, students can apply to master theoretical knowledge to guide their own electrical engineering practice, this is the real purpose of teaching theory. 　　第二,因材施教。專業(yè)不同,采用的教學方法和教學手段就不同,講授的教學內容也不同;專業(yè)相同基礎不同,教學內容的側重點就不同,對三表學生要突出應用能力和實踐技能的[培養(yǎng),對素質高、學習能力強的學生要進行精英培養(yǎng) Second, according to their aptitude. Professional different, the use of teaching methods and teaching means are different, the teaching of the teaching content is different; Same major basis is different, the emphasis of the teaching content is different, to table 3 student outstanding application ability and practical skills of [training, for students with high quality and strong ability to learn to elite culture 第三,課內教學與課外活動相結合。對于參加電氣工程訓練興趣高、產(chǎn)品制作有獨到見解的學生,教師要積極引導,把課內教學內容和學生課外科研活動、素質教育活動有機結合起來,并給予必要的指導。 Third, the combination of in-class teaching with extracurricular activities. In electrical engineering for high interest in training, have particular understanding of the product to make the students, teachers should actively guide, the classroom teaching content and students' extracurricular scientific activities, quality education activities organically, and to give necessary guidance. 　　(3)激發(fā)學生興趣的方法 (3) stimulate students interest in methods 　　為了更好地完成教學任務,實現(xiàn)預期的教學目標,要充分調動學生參與實踐的主觀能動性,激發(fā)學生的興趣和培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新意識。 In order to better complete the teaching task and achieve the teaching goal, to fully mobilize the students to participate in the practice of subjective initiative, stimulate students' interest and cultivate the innovative consciousness. 　　第一,確定靈活、直觀的教學方法。在理論和實踐教學過程中,結合板書、多媒體課件及實物展示等教學手段,采用演示教學和漸進式啟發(fā)教學相結合的教學方式,在激發(fā)學生興趣、培養(yǎng)自學和獨立思考能力等方面下功夫,使教學效果不斷提升。對于基礎實踐項目,主要以演示教學為主,通過演示教學,學生把容易理解和接受的感性知識上升為可以指導自己實踐操作的理性知識。對于創(chuàng)新實踐項目,主要以漸進式啟發(fā)教學為主。通過啟發(fā)教學,開闊學生的思路,培養(yǎng)同學們獨立完成實踐項目的能力。 First, determine the flexible, intuitive teaching method. In theory and in practice teaching process, combined with blackboard writing, multimedia courseware and teaching means such as physical display, demonstration teaching and incremental inspired teaching with the combination of teaching methods, to stimulate students interest and cultivate self-study and independent thinking ability, etc, put forth effort, make the teaching effect. Basis for project practice, mainly teaching demonstration, through demonstration teaching, the students easy to understand and accept the perceptual knowledge rise to rational knowledge to guide their practice operation. For innovative practice project, mainly composed of gradual enlightenment teaching. Through heuristic teaching, widen the thinking of students, cultivate the students ability to practice project independently. 　　第二,采用不同的考核標準。在教學過程中,要根據(jù)不同專業(yè)、不同基礎的學生,調整實踐項目在量和質上的要求,制定相應的考核標準,讓每個學生都能體驗到完成實踐項目的成就感,激發(fā)學生的學習興趣。學生有了興趣,教學目的就容易達到了。 Second, adopt different evaluation criteria. In the teaching process, according to the different specialty, different students, adjust the practice project in terms of quantity and quality request, formulates the corresponding inspection standards, let every student can complete practical project experience a sense of achievement, stimulate students' interest in learning. Students have the interest, teaching purpose is easily achieved. 　　第三,實行多方位的獎勵制度。在基礎實踐環(huán)節(jié),可以把一個班級分成幾組,組和組之間比賽,哪個組完成的又快又好,哪個組就有額外加分,并把名次寫在黑板上。這樣就能激發(fā)學生之間團結合作、協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)的意識和動力。在產(chǎn)品制作實踐環(huán)節(jié),可以把課內教學和課外的素質教育活動相結合,給成績優(yōu)異者頒發(fā)獲獎證書和獎金,鼓勵學生參加科研活動。 Third, implement multi-azimuth reward system. In basic practice, can a class into several groups, between group and group, which group completed quickly and well, which group has the extra points, and write the places on the blackboard. So that it can arouse the students' consciousness of unity and cooperation, cooperative engagement between and motivation. In production practice, can put the quality of classroom teaching and extracurricular education activities, to the top students receive award the certificate and bonus and encourage students to participate in research activities. 　　 　　4 結語 4 conclusion 　　在電氣工程訓練的教學實踐中,我們本著與時俱進、勇于創(chuàng)新的精神,不斷提煉和整合實踐教學內容,著重培養(yǎng)學生的團隊精神、工程實踐能力和創(chuàng)新意識。學生在實踐過程中,通過對電工電子線路和電氣產(chǎn)品的設計、組裝和調試的親身體驗,了解電工電子技術的應用;探知最前沿的科學技術,增強求知欲望,培養(yǎng)自我發(fā)展的能力。 In electrical engineering training teaching practice, we based on the spirit of advancing with The Times, innovation, constantly refining and integrating practice teaching content, focus on cultivating the students' team spirit, engineering practice ability and innovation consciousness. Students in the process of practice, through to the electrical and electronic circuits and electrical products design, assembly and debugging experience, knowledge of electrical and electronic technology application; Ascertain the forefront of science and technology, enhance the seeking knowledge desire, cultivate the ability to self development.